On October 16, 1973, members of the OPEC cartel announced an oil embargo against the United States, touching off a crippling price shock and devastating economic recession. In the forty years that followed, energy and transportation markets experienced dramatic changes, but the U.S. economy has remained heavily dependent on oil. Marking the 40th Anniversary of the OPEC Oil Embargo, SAFE hosted a ground-breaking summit that brought together former Cabinet members, four-star generals and admirals, leading CEOs, technology innovators, and policymakers to assess the state of American energy security and propose lasting solutions for ending oil dependence.

The Summit’s program included:

Dr. Henry Kissinger, former Secretary of State

Madeleine K. Albright, former Secretary of State

Leon E. Panetta, former Secretary of Defense, Director of Central Intelligence, and White House Chief of Staff

Admiral Dennis Blair, former Director of National Intelligence and Commander in Chief, U.S. Pacific Command

James R. Schlesinger, former Secretary of Defense, Energy, and Director of Central Intelligence

Jeffrey R. Immelt, Chairman and CEO of GE

Frederick W. Smith, Chairman, President and CEO of FedEx Corporation

Daniel F. Akerson, Chairman and CEO of General Motors Company

Boone Pickens, Chairman of BP Capital Management

David P. Steiner, President and CEO of Waste Management

Thomas F. “Mack” McLarty III, Former White House Chief of Staff

Carol M. Browner, former Director of the White House Office of Energy and Climate Change Policy and Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency

Senator Jon Kyl (R-AZ), former Senate Minority Whip

John Hannah, former National Security Advisor to the Vice President

Senator Byron Dorgan (D-ND), former Chaiman of the Senate Energy and Water Appropriations Sub-Committee and Senior Fellow at the Bipartisan Policy Center